Mr. Butt

Stephen Butler Leacock (1869-1944) is a Canadian author. He will long be remembered for his best-selling book Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town (1912) as well as the numerous awards and honours he received during his illustrious lifetime as author, professor, lecturer and humourist. Leacock published Literary Lapses in 1910, with the financial assistance of his brother George. It is a best-of compilation of his previously published writings. It sold out quickly and propelled Leacock into being known as one of the most popular authors in the English-speaking world. In 1911, Leacock's collection of parodies, Nonsense Novels successfully followed. 1912 saw the release of Leacock's satirical masterpiece, Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town. Based on his many summers spent in Orillia, Ontario and other childhood experiences, it was very popular in Canada, the United States and England. His sanitization of city life, Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich, was published in 1914. And in 1915 the book â€Å"Moonbeams From the Larger Lunacy†. And it was a success. This book includes 17 parts. There are short stories that deal with real life of the author. It also includes the story â€Å"Afternoon Adventures At My Club†. And I am going to give a detailed characterization of the main character of its 9th chapter, â€Å"The Hallucination of Mr. Butt†, Mr. Butt. Stephen Leacock is famous for his brilliant ability to portray characters that represent different types of contemporary people. The characters he describes still exist nowadays, so we should collect the pieces of wisdom which he covered with his gleaming humour. And in this chapter we met an old man who used to come to the author’s club, as many of men did. But he was not the ordinary man, so that is why the author told us about him. We learn about Mr. Butt from the author’s direct commentary at the beginning and though his own appearance, actual speech, behavior and actions during the chapter. I am going analyze his personality through his speech in detail and touch upon his appearance, behavior and actions in brief. To begin with, I’d like to comment on the name Mr. Butt. It is closely charged with connotation, as the word â€Å"butt† in defined as † to hit or push against with the head or horns† in dictionaries. But I guess that the most interesting and appropriate connotation in our case is the definition of the phrasal verb â€Å"to butt in†: â€Å"to interfere or meddle in other people's affairs†. And I think that is what all this character is about. And there is also an interesting fact about this word. As soon as the story was published and read by a number of people the word â€Å"butt† get another meaning: â€Å"a person or thing that is an object of wit, ridicule, sarcasm, contempt, etc. † as the author treated his character with concealed irony and sarcasm. I’d translate the name â€Å"Mr. Butt† as  «  »into Russian. He was all around those who never needed his help, but he â€Å"insisted†. Such a name surely reflects his character which can be named â€Å"I-care-about-you-and-only-I-know-what-is-good-for-you†. Such a connotation of this person describes us all the way this man lived. We expect him to be a person who cared about everyone else’s business as much as he could. The chapter meets our mere expectations, and his name is in accord with his personality. Through the chapter we see Mr. Butt with the author’s eye, but he gives us his direct commentary only at the beginning. From what the author tells us about Mr. Butt, we realize that â€Å"at whatever cost of time and trouble to him† he helped people and even â€Å"insisted on helping them along†. The author also underlines the beaming face of Mr. Butt with his unstoppable eagerness â€Å"to some sort of benevolence†. All this draws a picture of a very thoughtful, exceptionally kind and sunny eager beaver, who should be a God’s gift to all the people he met. But it’s common knowledge that too much pudding will choke a dog. And if we read the author’s remarks more attentively we will easily come to a conclusion that Mr. Butt possessed many positive traits, but they were too exaggerated to seem positive. We read: â€Å"Whatever people appear to desire it or not† and we no longer suppose him to be thoughtful enough to be somebody’s shoulder on time, but not just all the time. As we all are used to find bad things in a person as soon as we said he is not very perfect at all, I will not reject such a unconscious â€Å"approach† to interpreting any man’s personality. So, seeking for some intolerant and pushy stuff to collect we can easily find the examples. He seemed to be very boastful about what he did, and even about what he was going to do, I guess: â€Å"My dear fellow,† said Mr. Butt, â€Å"I only wish I could. I wish I had the time. I am sure it would cheer you up immensely if I could. But I'm just going out. † And unfortunately, to hear him speak, you’d think he is boastful about the things he shouldn’t be so boastful. â€Å"I can easily find it† he said about the way he is going to find a house of his friends, as he used to tell us. And to our great surprise we read further: â€Å"I've a very simple system for finding a house at night by merely knocking at the doors in the neighborhood till I get it. † And it almost scares us, as we all know that it is very intolerant to do so. So Mr. Butt started his pleasant full of benevolence trip. It is nonsense to us, how spineless were all those people he disturbed! He said:†I had to knock at twenty houses at least to get it† and we are laughing through the tears at him. Analyzing the night at the Everleigh-Joneses’s we find these two â€Å"poor souls† to be fluently played on by our dear Mr. Butt the Wonder. They were like birds in a cats grasp, but the disturber pays no attention to that, so he can be called really thick-skinned. And to make things still worse he went on boasting about that accident, as I tend to call it from the position of embarrassed couple:† I can talk, you know, when I try. Needless to say, Mr. Butt kept on surprising us. the Everleigh-Joneses were too permissive to say no, so Mr. Butt was imposing himself to them:† Every little while Jones would say, ‘By Jove, it's half past twelve,' or ‘it's one o'clock,' and so on. I took care, of course, not to stay too late. But when I left them I promised that I' d come back to-day to help straighten things up. They protested, but I insisted†. It all characterizes him as a very pig-headed gate-crasher. He also seemed to be a pain in the neck every time he imposed himself to his â€Å"disabled†, as he thought, couple. He was this very kind of person, that give him an inch, and he would take your arm. Too self-important with all his â€Å"I†s in every sentence he was also selfish and, what is more, self-centered. Here is what makes us think this way:† they'd been trying to put them up by themselves in the morning. I had to take down every one of them–not a single one right. † It was very self-righteous and self-willed of him to do this. It’s common with all the people in the world to say:†When in Rome, do as the Romans do†, and we all obedient the rules of others at their places. But to tell the truth, I realized that Mr. Butt liked himself to be such a â€Å"travelling Rome† more than to obedient to anyone or anything. To add some words to it, I’d say he was bossy as well, as we read his insisting words:†Drink it† or â€Å"they never told me or sent for me–just like their grit–meant to fight it out alone. † To continue these chain he seemed to see all his â€Å"friends† as children who had no idea of how the things were to be done, he used to treat them with a parenting patience and love, what were reflections of his bossy, pushy and inconsiderate character though:†no one there but themselves, no one to cheer them up†, â€Å"My dear boy†, â€Å"those two oor souls†, â€Å"poor chap†, â€Å"that dear little woman†, â€Å"that kind little woman†. Though there was much I said about him, it is not all the personality he is about. Mr. Butt embodies a complex mixture of positive and negative traits. To be f rank, he is such a sunny nature to look at. He is spreading all his positive energy all around, trying to make the world better, brighter, kinder:† let's make things a little brighter here†, â€Å"Presently about midnight they seemed to brighten up a little. † That was the real reason for all his deeds. His soul was full of good intentions. He was very sympathetic to all those he helped:†I’m going out there at once†, â€Å"I went in and soothed him†, â€Å"I haven't had an evening to myself since it began. † Wasn’t he generous in his actions? I should say he was. He was so enthusiastic about helping others; he couldn’t spend a day without altruistic deeds on his list:† You may see the beaming face of Mr. Butt appear at the door of all those of his friends who†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"I never mind the rain,–does one good†, â€Å"said Mr. Butt one day with an anxious face†. Though he acted very inconsiderately, he did it in such a friendly and polite manner, that people couldn’t fail obeying him:†I don’t mind a bit†, â€Å"I only wish I could†, â€Å"my dear fellow†, â€Å"the way I look at it is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , etc. To crown it all, he was very grateful to his friends, and it appeals to me very much:† I'm alone in the world and my friends are all I have. † The author treats his character with sarcasm and irony, I guess:â€Å"I knew he wanted me to say it†, â€Å"A few days later Mr. Butt gave me a further report†, â€Å"After that Mr. Butt was very busy selecting the piano†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Eventually, thanks no doubt to Mr. Butt's assiduous care, Everleigh-Jones got well†, etc. He was such a busy body with a lot on his plate all the time, such a born helper, wasn’t he? Of course he was, but he was too flat and static to reflect this changing world and its reality. The leopard can’t change his spots. Such people will always live in our world. Though the past reasons for their actions are loneliness, unhappiness, the lack of satisfaction and the wishes that haven’t come true, they make the world better, they have good intentions, and they inspire people and encourage them. But these personalities are always only seen as weirdoes. People don’t see their positive sides as usual, as it is easier to call them bad, than try to find their good traits. And the reality is that we do not accept their presence around us, unless in a great trouble such a weirdo guy gives us his hand and helps us with his plan of solving everything. And only then we understand. I admire Mr. Butt and his intentions, though he was not all positive. But†¦ What is positive? Everything is relative in this world.

Nursing Practice Essay

1.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what resources the members need to assemble prior to a disaster where evacuation or sheltering in place is required. Every community does have its problems and every community is made up of both the young and the old. The ages of this community ranges from 0 to 70 plus. This community needs major interventions to help improve the health status of the members of the community. Spoke to about 5 members in the community, four middle adults and one old. All the four adults did not have any source of health insurance. The older one has Medicare. When a disaster strikes, residents could be asked to get a disaster kit. The kit should be able to contain water, food, extra clothing, first aid kit, emergency items (flashlights, extra batteries, toilet papers etc). Parent with babies should have pack formula, diapers, bottles; baby wipes and diaper rash ointment. 2.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what resources that the members may need during an evacuation or sheltering in place. Most of the young and old may have minor mental problems as a result of the tragedy they go through (depression, etc.). Member may need to have any form of ID on them, which will be for their own good. The Texas 2-1-1(Texas Health and Human Service Commission), gives information and referral on shelter locations, transportation options, and support medical facilities. The Southern Baptist disaster relief also does provide services like American Red Cross, but also do assist with clean-up activities like debris removal. 3.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what resources the members may need immediately after an evacuation or sheltering in place, if adequate local support is unavailable. It is advisable for members to have any form of ID on them that will be for their own good. FEMA provide federal funding and supplements state disaster relief. One other resource is the American Red Cross, emergency assistance of Red Cross offers feeding  stations, shelters, cleaning supplies, household items, clothing, comfort kits, first aid, blood, credit cards etc. 4.Identify their resource deficits? List their knowledge deficits? FEMA and the American Red Cross agreed that FEMA should be the primary agency for mass care in the NRF because the primary agency should be able to direct federal agencies resources to meet mass care needs, which the Red Cross cannot (Fagnoni, 2008). Now, the deficit cut being requested by most politicians in Washington is going to make it difficult for resources to be given out adequately to victims of a disaster. One of the deficits of knowledge is how to allocate given resources. Most aggregates finds it difficult or have no idea where or how to get help in time of disasters. Although every American know about Red Cross, but most aggregate do not know where to start to get the held needed. 5.What resource or knowledge gaps can be addressed by the community health nurse to strengthen their flexible lines of defense (NSM) of the community aggregate? The community health nurse can address the gaps by first offering medical help, and by helping the community to get access to basic resources needed. Secondly, by providing the community with adequate information and ways in which to help the aggregates get the help they need. This will help give aggregates some kind of comfort and help reduce stress and pain. 6.What is the top priority knowledge deficit concern? The top knowledge deficit concern will be how aggregates will be coping. Lack of knowledge always comes with lot of stress. Without much needed information and resource, aggregates will find themselves being very anxious and will not be coping well. Basic life necessities might be difficult for aggregates to get hold off, and that puts a lot of stress on individual.

Can the concept of security be defined should it be Essay

Can the concept of security be defined should it be - Essay Example In addition, while there is an agreement on the broadening agenda of security, incriminate expansion of the concept, hinders intellectual coherence of the concept and the security field. More importantly, the remaining importance of the question of war and violence under international anarchy cannot be ignored. This paper begins by questioning what security is and identifying its conceptual difficulties. This includes an examination of conflicting theories in Security Studies. Secondly, the narrow concept of security defined by traditional theory developed during the Cold War is discussed. Thirdly, proponents in favour of extending the concept of security in more detail are examined as well as the different dimensions of security challenging traditional concepts. Fourthly, limitations arising out of indiscriminate expansion of the concept are examined. Fifthly, a critical analysis of contemporary discourse which comes across as Eurocentric will be conducted. In this regard, the need for the strong and the weak in the same context is suggested. Finally, a conclusion is provided suggesting that relational thinking should be applied to security studies. Introduction Security studies dramatically developed in response to the development and spread of nuclear weapons and the corresponding conflicts between two superpowers during the Cold War influencing the growth of international relations (IR) theory. After World War (WW) II, the nuclear arms race between the US and the former Soviet Union produced myriad strategic concepts characterized by the balance of power, bipolar world, containment and deterrence comprising the major issues during the Cold War. Realist theory emerged dominating IR, displacing the earlier emphasis on international law and organisations. Rational problem solving emphasizes scientifically calculating interest, cost and the best alternatives. The central question for strategists during the Cold War was how states could states could use weapons of mass destruction as policy instruments, given the risk of nuclear exchange (Walt, 1991, p.214). Cold War security discourse therefore required a reflection of the immediate reality and as a result, historical and cultural contexts were largely ignored or relegated to low politics. For example strategic theory failed to satisfactorily explain theVietnam War as there was little attention to Vietnamese cultural context and instead relied on expectations that the Vietnamese adversary would conform to academic models (Kolodziej, 2005, p.23). With the collapse of the former Soviet Union and thus the end of the Cold War, low politics gained currency, commanding the adoption of a new concept of security by expanding on the traditional concept. Thus, in 1994 the UNDP advocated for a transition 'from nuclear security to human security' which included issues such as ‘hunger, disease and repression', and 'protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions'. In 1995, the International Commi ssion on Global Governance recommended that international security must be reconceptualised to direct attention ‘to the security of people and the planet.' In other words, difficulties for mankind generally or specific communities are now conceptualized as security risks. Changes in the past have resulted in changes in conditions and thus have corresponded with changes relative to the concept of securit

An Evaluation of Professional Placement Activities Research Paper

An Evaluation of Professional Placement Activities - Research Paper Example Legal-World’s legal entity form follows that of a partnership which â€Å"is a business owned by more than one person, with its equity consisting of a separate capital account for each partner†. It is co-owned by five lawyers who have contributed equal proportions to the firm’s capital account. Legal-World’s, aside from continuously developing and maintaining an efficient, expedient, less costly, and adaptive system of delivering legal services, also strive in providing a cultural- and nationality-specific system of extending legal services which accurately respond to the varying client concerns, specifically immigration personal injury concerns of its multinational pool of clients. With clients hailing from various countries (the Philippines, Singapore), Legal-World sees it as an must to tailor its services to suit the specific requirements of their different clients, especially as to legal considerations relevant to the respective home countries of their clients. Yet, although Legal-World strives for specificity in the services it provides, still as to its internal hiring practices, Legal-World seeks to attract, hire, and maintain, as it does hire and maintain, competent subject matter experts who have extensive general knowledge on all sorts of personal injury litigations. Legal-World does this knowing very well that although clients’ legal debacles may require ad hoc solutions, still, one client’s personal injury case cannot be as different to another client’s as to fall under a different practice area altogether.

WRITING HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WRITING HISTORY - Essay Example This was seen as a breakthrough in the rather fraught racial history that had galvanized America since its inception. Who would think of the election two years back? The election of Obama is historical as it opened a chance and possibilities for the country and the world in general. This was a defining moment for America as people even outside America changed their general perception about the Americans. Additionally, the election of Obama in the November 4th polls was a peak point for the electoral process in the US hence being a trademark for the post-civil rights revolution (CNN, 2010). Thus, historically, it can be affirmed that the significance is big. This was no more the republican versus the democrat dialogue but more of the moment when the struggles of the black will be alleviated. This in essence was unprecedented victory that blew away the 400 years of black slavery as well as legal segregation and institutional racism that has over time shadowed the progress and gains mad e by the American populace (CNN, 2010). The other historical event can be alluded to be the 2008 global recession that had wide impacts in terms of financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929-30 (CNN, 2010). Early 2008, there were signs of serious crisis in the offing. This would be marked by the sharp drop in the profits that were made by Citigroup bank and consequently a fall on the New York Stock Exchange. This would then be followed by very sharp fall in share prices in all the major world markets. Massive losses would then be registered by American and European banks in the end of 2007 financial year (CNN, 2010). The following months would then witness the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the take-over of Merrill Lynch and Goldman Sacks and Morgan Stanley moving to seek banking status so as to be protected from any form of bankruptcy. This recession was historical as it called for desperate measures in the extra-ordinary times, with the US employing the most

Victor Moritz Goldschmidt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Victor Moritz Goldschmidt - Essay Example The family had a history of scientists and philosophers from Victor's fathers and mother's side. In 1914, he became the Professor and Director at Mineralogical Institute of Oslo, when he was offered this position. He worked in this position till 1929. After this he moved to Gttingen. The first important contribution made by him was in the field of geology and mineralogy. Goldschmidt went into geochemistry after the death of raw material in World War 1. The general studies that he carried out marked the beginning of modern geochemistry. His work, Geochemical Laws of the Distribution of the Elements, volume 8 in 1923-38, laid the foundation of inorganic crystal chemistry. (Biography.com) According to Goldschmidt, "The primary purpose of geochemistry is on the one hand to determine quantitatively the composition of the earth and its parts, and on the other to discover the laws which control the distribution of the individual elements."(Bob Weintraub) His doctorate thesis, 'Die hpontaktmetamorphose im Kristianiagebiet' and 'Geologisch-petro-graphische Studien im Hochgebirge des siidlichen Norwegens,' are known as his first two major works. The first publications for geochemistry were 'Geo-chemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente.' These were a series of publications under this title. In 1921, he was able to show an electrical balance between the positive and negative ions using an X-ray crystallography. These ions are the most important factor in crystal structure. Goldschmidt's work on the cosmic abundance of the elements and the links between isotopic stability and abundance was led by the analysis of geochemistry, astrophysics and nuclear physics. In 1935, Goldschmidt moved to Norway because of the rise of Nazism. When World War II started Goldschmidt had to move again. He went to Sweden first and then Britain. In Britain he worked in the field of soil science and once the war ended he returned back to Norway. At the time of the war, Goldschmidt always carried a cyanide capsule with him just in case he was caught. According to Goldschmidt cyanide was for chemists, while rope was for mechanical engineers. (Msn Encarta) Goldschmidt got a doctoral fellowship at the age of 21 from the University and a Norwegian doctor's degree when he was 23 years old. There have not been many people who have done this. He did not even have to take the usual exams or degrees to achieve these levels. The Norwegian doctor's degree is usually received after the age of 30 and some people have received it after the age of 50. Thus, it was a big achievement. Goldschmidt won the noblest scientific award 'Fridtjof Nansens belonning,' in 1912, for his work 'Die Kontaktmetamorphose im Kristiania-gebiet.' When he applied for a Professorship in Stockholm, the University was able to give him the same position. This was a special case because the Norwegian University does not offer a position until two years have passed since the appointment. Goldschmidt identified the main difference between geochemical elements of geological evolution. He out them into four groups: 'siderophile, chalcophile, lithophile, and atmophile'. He also identified the fact that the earth and the meteorites have a common origin. He developed the Mineralogical Phase Rule;

Human Rights Act in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Rights Act in UK - Essay Example This is because freedom of speech permits or facilitates an individual to have a complete and dynamic role in the aspects of politics and public life. Moreover, how a person views himself and others profoundly depends upon his attitude to free speech (Barendt, pp. 230-245, 2005). While on the other hand, the subject matter of privacy, it can come under communication that the concept, perception and notion of privacy over the period have witnessed a vital and intense change across the cultures. Privacy is a condition that an individual do not intend to share or disclose in public that comes under relation to his or her identity, autonomy, or dignity. In other words, privacy is a situation or circumstance where the person wants to be uninterrupted, unaccompanied or with no public attention and can have the freedom from interference of others. Moreover, privacy has a connection with the concept and idea of secrecy that can be noteworthy, momentous or worth mentioning events or occurrenc es in the life of an individual (Barendt, pp. 230-245, 2005). ... The ideas, way of thinking and philosophies of people are the key features that leads to what sort of life that an individual wants to have, which entirely depends upon his or her attitudes to view the factors of privacy and publicity. Moreover, the ways that a person wants to symbolize or represent him in front of public also leads to the person’s attitude to privacy and publicity (Mayes, pp. 2-9, 2002). The records of contemporary society disclose the verity that numerous people in order to survive and make their livelihood, they publicize themselves. These personalities include the famous celebrities, television stars, pop stars, sports personalities, and several others. However, with this publicity, the concern of invasion to private lives has been the most critically raised issue. The records make the information public that the decades of 1980 and 1190 has been two most critical years for the journalist, as they have come under severe criticism by the politicians for the invasion of private lives of the renowned people (Sanders, pp. 77-80, 2003). Nevertheless, the recurrently analyzed current trends of the twenty first century reveal the piece of information that private disclosure or exposure about the personal lives of few people that includes politicians or celebrities has progressively become the basis for public conversations or discussions. It has also come to an examination on recent times that the celebrities and the public figures have been increasingly making complaints regarding their private lives that have come under offensive attack by the media. Furthermore, it has also come under observation that apart from the public figures, the normal people who are not in the public watch have also made such

Domestic and Regional Regulation in the Airlines Sector Essay

Domestic and Regional Regulation in the Airlines Sector - Essay Example However, the civil aviation sector has only contributed to ~3% of anthropogenic warming in the last 20 years, and therefore, it is a relatively small contributor to the phenomenon of climate change2. While using this argument, it is arguable that any climate policy involving the airline industry must strike a balance between the abatement costs and emissions reductions. The airline sector makes several arguments about aviation’s impact on climate change, including the fact that the industry has improved efficiency of aircraft fuel by more than 70%, which has brought together their environmental and economic goals3. Moreover, aggressive pursuit of increased fuel efficiency means that emissions of greenhouse gases from the sector account for less than 3% of total EU greenhouse gas emissions. However, the sector’s contribution to climate change has continued to elicit heated debate with EU-based environmental groups argue that the figure is closer to 10%4. The examination of these arguments and counterarguments must take metrics and language used into consideration in determining the actual impact of the aviation sector on climate change. Whatever the case, the airline sector in the EU faces a serious barrier to continued growth. Commercial aircraft are almost entirely reliant on jet fuel like kerosene, which means that their combustion by-products are unavoidable and, therefore, their regulation would risk increased production costs5. The lack of commercially viable, alternative sources of energy means that any regulations and policies seeking to mitigate climate change must take on a sectoral or industry-specific dimension to protect the airline sector’s economic viability6. Therefore, climate change deliberations at the Paris 2015 Conference on Climate Change should find policy prescriptions that mitigate climate change, while also considering dominant cost drivers.  

The perspectives of Middle East World to The Crusades and their resist Essay

The perspectives of Middle East World to The Crusades and their resist process - Essay Example For the reason of the resistance, the Muslims started a strong opposing force that was very much objected to the rise of the Christian dominance in the areas of Jerusalem and other cities. In 1095 when the first crusade was held, the Christians focused on the invading the places that they counted important in their history of their religion throughout time. The Muslims in Jerusalem perceived the Christian move as an invasion that was irritating and that needed to be curbed and they raised a force that resisted the impact of the Christian crusaders. When the Christians found that the Muslims had objected to their occupation, they found that they raised a force to advance their occupation and asked for military assistance from their home countries that could help them to conquer the Muslims. On the other hand, the Muslims formed a force that had would help them to oppose the forces of the Christians and reclaim what was almost taken away from them. In the process, there were negative perspective that led to develop an enmity between the two religions within the area and this led to a constant struggle against each other (Claster, 2009). The Muslims perceived the Christians as people who wanted to impose political, economic and social impacts into the culture of the Arabs and the population of the Middle East, which had very different systems in place. The people of Middle East believed that the way the crusaders had influenced the Western Europe could happen to them if they allowed their region to be dominated by the Christians. This made the Muslims to object the move of the Christians to occupy the place they perceived as theirs and made the condition unbearable to them so that the Christians had to devise different ways that occupy the place (Claster, 2009). When some western Christians entered the Middle East, they came as merchants who had a force that threatened the

Exam Of Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exam Of Economics - Assignment Example a. The average total cost is given for the inpatient services. The economic cost of a decision depends on both the cost of the alternative chosen and the benefit that the best alternative would have provided if chosen. The given ATC does not take into consideration the cost of the alternative, i.e. where else these costs could have been incurred instead of inpatient services example, for outpatient services. The given cost can represent the accounting cost but not the opportunity cost. Thus, the costs stated represent half of the economic costs. b. The graphical representation of the average total cost curve is shown belowThe graph above illustrates that the total average cost ATC for both the hospitals is the same. However, the total cost of the two hospitals varies. The reason is evident. The cost is directly proportional to the number of patients. As ACME hospital deals with 8000 more patients than Saving grace hospital, the cost of ACME produces at a higher cost.c. The reasons fo r the higher average cost of production for ACME hospital are:- There might be higher variable costs for ACME Hospital. Inpatient services differ from patient to patient as per the requirement to overcome the given disease. This is higher will lead to a higher average total cost.- There may be declining productivity that implies higher per unit cost. This is so because the average cost is inversely proportional to the productivity- There may be higher average fixed costs, again may vary according to the output. The factor of diminishing returns is reflected in rising average cost. d. The sole basis of the comparison is to compare for profits. It is to see how much is the difference between revenues and costs for each hospital. Once, the assumption is removed, the comparative analysis will get muddled. There may be a possibility that the two hospitals operate on same fixed costs or the cost of charging patients may be the same. There will be no variable costs and only fixed costs will exist. Once that, the number of units (number of patients) will be a direct indicator of the profit and there will thus be no need for

The Angry American by Toby Keith Essay Example for Free

The Angry American by Toby Keith Essay Tragedy is one of the most influential inspirations for art, including songwriting. In recent times, many artists responded to their feelings toward the destruction of the Twin Towers on September 11th, 2001, with an abundance of artwork, poetry, and songs. One of the songs, Toby Keiths The Angry American, may conceivably be portrayed as a summation of the artists patriotic values in a reaction to the event. Although in initial observation it may seem as though the song attempts to also inspire patriotism in its audience, it does quite the contrary, inspiring revenge against acts that hurt or threaten the USA, namely September 11th. Patriotism is defined as positive acts of nationalistic feeling: Keith suggests, however, that vengeance or at least violence defines nationalistic feeling. Before performing this piece, Toby Keith gave a speech about his reasons for creating the song. Although Keith states in his speech that he wrote the song following September 11th, as if for the victims of that tragedy, he in fact wrote it not as an emotional reaction toward the victims, but for his own personal feelings, including those of his father and his sacrifices in the line of duty. In dedicating the song to his father, Keith furthers the idea that the song was written for personal reasons and not just as a response for the victims of September 11th. Although Keith may be conceivably trying to express the idea of the USA prevailing over any evil, he conveys this idea in a violent, vengeful way. He clearly suggests the idea of America as being a country that any enemy will be sorry that they messed with, basically saying that if you harm the USA, theyll put a boot in your ass, its the American way. By stating this about the USA, Keith suggests that Americans will violently take revenge against any threat made upon them, and to such a great degree that it will cause the enemy to never be able to threaten the USA again. Keith characterizes the USA almost as if it was the school bully, who no one can take the top spot from, or hurt without being hurt in return. This dominating ideology of the USA, which Keith seems to use to try to boost the morale of the songs listeners, in fact weakens the song by suggesting violent acts as an acceptable means to substantiate any feelings of anger or hatred toward past events harmful to the US. The roots of hatred sprout from many different feelings: fear, ignorance, competing beliefs, sadness, frustration, helplessness. Through the use of certain terms in both his speech and song, Keith portrays this hatred, in many forms. Keith presents feelings of helplessness when he expresses the idea of the US in a cage. The use of the term cage may be due to the fact that Keith feels frustrated and vulnerable from the attacks on September 11th, in that the perpetrators of the attacks are either already dead or too difficult to find, and if revenge were to be taken, it would not bring the victims back, or make the pain and grief of the attacks any easier to bear. Therefore one might say that Keiths patriotic ideals are caged, as he feels that someone has stricken his country and all he believes in, and there is not a way to avenge this entrapment. Keith expresses further feelings of frustration in his ignorance as to who his enemies actually are. As he states in his song, a mighty sucker punch came flying in from somewhere in the back, Keith conveys the USAs ignorance as to who really gave it its big black eye, and his hatred for not being able to determine who his enemies are and who to retaliate against, or more specifically, which ass to put his boot in first. These feelings of uncertainty can be seen in Keiths mentioning of his father in both the speech and song. He states that his father lost his eye in a training combat mission while serving his country, and it can be inferred from this mentioning in the speech, the song, and his dedication of the song to his father, that Keith feels angry that he does not know specifically how his father lost his eye, who (if anyone) caused him to lose it, or why no one could help him. As stated previously, feelings of sadness, ignorance, and helplessness can lead to hatred, and those feelings, mixed with those surfaced after September 11th, could plausibly have lead Keith to express the need for violent vengeance to be taken towards those responsible for that hatred. Keiths sense of vulnerability is also seen in the rhyme scheme of the song. His haphazard rhyme scheme suggests Keiths feelings of confusion, not knowing where to turn, who to go to, who to avenge. Keiths use of patriotic and familial terms, such as Statue of Liberty, Mother Freedom, mother, brother, sister, are emphasized in order to convey the idea of America as a giant family, all striving to protect their country and its history. Keiths word choice helps to further illustrate the idea of the need for Americans to stand together to seek out and avenge their enemies, namely those of the September 11th attacks. Throughout The Angry American, Toby Keith uses many techniques to stress the need for revenge to be taken for the pains our country has had to endure from attacks by enemies, specifically those enemies of September 11th. Keith is emphatic that America will prevail over any evil, and that the attacks on September 11th give Americans a chance to fight for their country, and stand on what our fathers and forefathers did for us, and make sure we dont let em down.

Leadership is a critical management skill in various organizations

Leadership is a critical management skill in various organizations Introduction Leadership is as a critical management skill in various organizations, which influences and motivates a group toward the achievement of organizational goals (Rafferty Griffin 2004). One of the greatest assets of an organization is that strong managers create an environment to encourage members and motivate their high energy (Taggart, 1989). It is highlighted that leadership is an influence relationship between leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. Effective leadership has drawn great attention from organization management in recent years due to its contribution to organizations competitive advantage. Leadership is become very much on every managers mind today in organizations. Originations are struggling due to the increasingly dynamic environment. As the challenges of leading and managing increase, leaders of organizations need to understand process, skills and knowledge to perform leader functions effectively. The most important reason for the position of a leader is to create a group of people to deliver desirable sales as unprofitable sales is a leaders biggest nightmare. Numeral reasons that can lead to undesirable sales include competitive market conditions, poor cooperation, strategies and decisions from the team or that the product is too expensive or not unique enough compared to other rival products (Robbins, 2005). Although certain circumstances are beyond control such as poor market conditions or a weak team, others are possible to have control over such as product exclusivity or special features and this is where the job of a capable leader comes in. Capable leaders are constantly pressured in searching for solutions that produce more results but equipped with depleting resources such as team members and budgets. However, it does not require much, only a new perspective to fully utilize each and every member of the team without overworking them or the budget. Open-minded leaders always have the upper hand as new methods and solutions can be created to increase sales. Some of the issues that arise are as follows: Getting fresh clients Boosting profits on advertising Inability to regularly reach expected sales revenue Shorten long tedious sale cycles Maintaining the effort input of the sales team Growing expenses to support a productive and efficient team Reduced margins due to increasing demands to discount Sustaining and expanding diminishing major accounts Rising inability to accurately predict sales revenue Inexperience and lack of knowledge of the products involved Recruiting and sustaining effective employees Constant decrease of market share Rising customer demands and decreasing consumer satisfaction Growing amount and aggressive rivals and reduced sales compared to them Dealing with salesperson who have no proper strategies in securing sales and poor time management Rationalization of the worlds economy Getting rid of the repeated occurrence of reduced margins due to desperate attempts of making sales towards the end of a sales quarter Rising amount of sales attempts that go unfinished Getting the exact requirements and needs from customers when purchasing products is progressively difficult Completing the whole process of buying and securing sales as fast as possible is increasingly difficult Having to constantly help and motivate team members that have little enthusiasm, drive and attention Salesperson that are investing too much time and effort into devising proposal for possible customers that have no genuine interest in purchasing from them Constant feedback from customers that claims our rivals are able to perform faster and cheaper it is harder to make sales against that as it is true Lack of the surest method in selling products to drive towards higher sales No ideas or strategies to get sales back on course Usual routine of inefficient, expensive and uneconomical sales methods such as weak direct marketing and expensive advertising or product improvement In this assignment we will be discussing about 2 leaders from different backgrounds respectively. The first leader is Indra Nooyi which is the CEO of Pepsi. The second leader is Philip Green which is the CEO of Arcadia Group. The similarities and differences of both the leaders will be discussed further below. Indra Nooyi Before examining three aspects of Indra Nooyis leadership, let us first review her background to get some idea of the person and leader she is. Born and educated in India, she moved to America to study for her Masters degree at Yale. Upon graduation, she got a job at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and she credits much of her subsequent success on her experiences there. From there, she worked in other companies before joining PepsiCo in 1994. Her track record there was impressive as she was instrumental in making moves that led to long term profitability for the company such as moving away from fast food affiliations to acquiring beverage companies like Tropicana and Gatorade (Businessweek, 2008). Consequently, she was made CEO of the company in 2006, a record of sorts as she was the first woman and the first Asian to hold the powerful post. Since then, she has steered the company well with her leadership philosophy of performance with purpose. In a speech at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2006, Indra cited the five Cs of her success. They are competency, courage and confidence, consistency, compass and coaching. In this report, we will examine how they are incorporated into three aspects of her leadership in terms of leadership style, coaching and mentoring and motivating employees. Indras leadership style can best be described as transformative (Seltzer and Bass, 1990). She is not content to maintain the status quo but redefines the concept of CEO. The traditional role of the CEO was akin to a autocratic monarch, in which power was wielded in punitive and tyrannical ways. Indra feels that that is outmoded and unsuitable for the 21st century (CNBC Business, 2008). The CEO must lead people, not rule over them. The leader must constantly keep abreast with changes in technology and new developments so that they can harness them to achieve competitive advantage. The workplace is getting increasingly diverse as more women and minorities constitute the average multinational corporation. Demographic changes at the workplace require a change in management style and Indra is aware of this. For example, the new generation is more technologically savvy and is less tied to the concept of lifetime employment at one company (Useem, 2008). Understanding this groups mindset is crucial in ensuring that the best and brightest are recruited and retained. Similarly, the organization cannot operate along mono-ethnic and mono-gender lines as there is increasing diversity. Diversity should not be viewed as a problem but as an asset to the company since the company can get the cream of the crop and an employee composition that is representative of the entire population. No longer can the CEO afford to direct from his or her office, but must go out and mingle with the masses. This does not only mean fostering better ties with employees but engaging with other stakeholders as well, As Indra points out, a CEO now not only has to deal with corporate stakeholders but with governments and NGOs too. Consequently, the CEO must travel a lot, especially for a multinational corporation like Pepsi. That way, they can meet their various customers and business partners to formulate new and better corporate level strategies. As a leader, Indra is friendly and approachable. She is energetic and has a fondness of singing (Useem, 2008). Yet, she is no pushover as she is very much in control of her company. In terms of Indras leadership style, we may use one of the behavioral theories, in which we can pinpoint behaviours that set apart good and poor leaders. Her leadership style can be described as democratic, if we use one of the University of Iowa Studies (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). Indra gets her employees involved in the decision making process and delegates authority. She listens to all opinions, even from those who may disagree with her. Also, she encourages employee feedback which is used as a coaching technique. From the University of Michigan Studies viewpoint, Indra is an example of a leader who shows consideration. She has genuine respect and mutual trust for her subordinates. Another interesting aspect of her leadership style can best be described as reconciliatory leadership (Bass, 1985). When there was an opening for CEO, Indra and another executive were in the running. However, when Indra was selected, she immediately sought to retain her erstwhile rival because she felt the other person would be good for the company. Many CEOs assemble a team of yes men and eliminate all threats and rivals but Indra thrives on building a team of rivals because she feels dissent and other opinions are crucial in building a thriving organization. Indra places great importance on coaching and mentoring programs. These are part of the broader spectrum of creating a learning organization. Training programs are formulated to nurture future leadership talent for the company and the company has a unique approach by seeking input from outside. Lifelong and practical learning are emphasized as well. Pepsi tries to help each employee discover their strengths and weaknesses so that they can build upon their strengths and reduce their weaknesses to make a more meaningful contribution. Employees and executives are taught to think for the long term and not focus too narrowly on short term gains. This approach has worked well for Indra as it allows her to spot trends and changes before competitors. Indras attitude towards coaching and mentoring can be described using the path goal theory. This states that a leaders job is to help followers in achieving their goals and to guide them in the right direction (Wofford and Liska, 1993). This type of leader also gives the necessary support to make sure that employees succeed and that goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the firm. Indra believes in motivating and empowering employees. While there may be slump in sales growth in Western markets, Indra motivates her employees not to give but to see the bigger picture of the business cycle. As a result, employees who relish a challenge are given the opportunity to have work stints abroad. Similarly, she did not close down or reduce the research and development facility, but did the reverse. By retaining employees during hard times, PepsiCo demonstrates that it values their contributions and this gesture causes tremendous goodwill among staff who reciprocated by working harder. One interesting way in which Indra motivates her senior executives is through non-financial ways. Most companies reward their senior executives with attractive remuneration packages. PepsiCo does more than that. Recently, Indra did the unprecedented by writing to the parents of the executives and thanking them for bringing up their children well. This created an emotional bond among her, the executives and their parents. The idea behind this occurred some years ago when she visited her mother in India. Her mother asked her to attend a formal function at home and all the guests complemented her mother on the good job she did in raising her (CNBC Business, 2008). This made Indra realize that she ought to thank the parents of her employees who did an amazing job raising them. As mentioned earlier, Indra is a firm believer in workplace diversity (CNBC Business, 2008). This may stem from the fact that as a woman and an Indian in America, she has a different outlook on life than the average white male CEO. Hence, men and women, people from different ethnic backgrounds and religious all stand an equal chance at getting promotion. Promotions are based solely on merit and diversity is also applied in the companys relations with its suppliers and customers. This is a strong motivator for all employees to try their best. Some organizations reward employees based on gender and racial lines. Hence, women and ethnic minorities are sidelined and not given due recognition for their contributions. This problem does not occur at Pepsi and there is evidence to show that employees are happier, more motivated and derive greater pride and satisfaction from their jobs. Similarly, the younger generations are drawn to work at Pepsi because they find it a challenging and enjoya ble place where they are understood and treated with respect. I am very inspired by Indra Nooyis leadership. She is proof that with intelligence, hard work and determination, anybody can succeed in whatever they choose. Yet, she is humble, friendly and does not lose sight of the more important things in life. She has repeatedly mentioned that she has to juggle the roles of CEO, mother, wife, daughter and daughter in law. Perhaps growing up in a traditional Indian family has taught her the importance of maintaining strong family bonds. This attitude is evident in PepsiCo, where she treats all employees as her extended family. Indra demonstrates that one does not have to be ruthless, manipulative and cruel to rise to the top as her nurturing and warm leadership style has not only endeared her to her employees, but motivates them to strive to do their best. This is leadership at its finest. Philip Green Able To Capitalize Opportunity Sir Philip Green is apparently planning to bring British Home Stores under the Arcadia umbrella (Seltzer Bass, 1990). This move might witness a cull of management jobs as he combines the two companies, which have previously been run as separate entities. But with the high street feeling the squeeze as more shoppers take the radical step of leaving their money in the bank (or under the mattress), Sir Philip is clearly on a mission to cut costs and this is an obvious way of doing it. The new set-up will see Bhs run in much the same way as the other brands in the Arcadia stable, allowing Green to combine head office functions like marketing, finance and supply chain. This will almost certainly mean that some executive roles will become surplus to requirements hence the likely nervousness this morning. Bhs became a real success story for Green after he bought it in 2000, although its sales have been flagging recently. Arcadia has also seen a mixed bag of results lately: the likes of Dorothy Perkins and Burton have been struggling, but Top Shop and Miss Selfridge have continued to produce record sales and profits (possibly because their younger clientele have more disposable income/ more money than sense). So its no surprise that Green is looking to retrench now, particularly with little sign of the high street gloom receding (Yukl, 1994). Equity theory Equity theory states that individuals compares their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then responds to eliminate any inequities (Robbins Judge 2007, p.185). That is, employees will become de-motivated if their perceived inputs are greater than the outputs from the company (Adams 1965, cited in Chapman 2006). His reputation as a retailer is arguably second only to his renown for striking remarkable deals. In 2005, he paid himself a  £1.2bn dividend from Arcadia, the retailer he had bought in 2002 with only a few million pounds of his own money. He can identify a target in hours, secure billions of pounds worth of funding in days and be exiting the business with multimillion pound profits in months. While his detractors have levelled accusations of asset stripping at him, he vigorously denies his deal-making nous makes him a one-man personification of private equity. From his location, he can survey the world famous high street of which he controls a major slice. In fact, thanks to Arcadia, he runs 12% of the UK clothing retail market. In its industry, Green is ranked second and on more than an occasion he was close to owning Marks Spencer. In fact, they could have taken a large amount looking at the number of people borrowing and even up to eight times cashflow. After they had done 1.2bn of dividend, that year the company made a  £327m operating profit. They could have borrowed far more, but thats never been my strategy. Its hard to argue when you consider that six years on, Arcadia has added a quarter of a million square feet of selling space, employs 25% more people and has generated in excess of  £2bn in EBITDA. Green worked very hard to develop Arcadias brand, which includes Topman, Topshop, Dorothy Perkins, Burton and Evans. For once, Green is the master of understatement. Under his stewardship, the shop has revolutionised high-street retailing. The previously mediocre store is now a talisman of UK fashion, loved by teenagers, celebrities and fashion editors. Increasing Influence Upon leaving school, Green worked for the family firm, one of the first shoe importers to bring products in from China and Hong Kong. Exposure to international trade proved invaluable, he is grateful that the people who trained him taught him about finance, credit, importing and product. If he was to become interested in the more creative, product-buying side of the business, his understanding of the basic principles of retailing was instinctive. The high street fashion tycoon is as well known for his affluent lifestyle as he is for his business acquisitions a  £7m yacht,  £5m birthday party and a present from his wife of a solid gold Monopoly set, to name a few of his extravagances. Of late he has become something of a celebrity thanks in part to a friendship and business arrangement he has struck up with supermodel Kate Moss, who designs a range for his Topshop chain. Hes also been spotted holidaying with both Sylvester Stallone and Simon Cowell. Conclusion and Recommendation In sum, developing an effective leadership in organizations is the most essential, yet the most difficult tasks for organization management. Great leadership is the combinations of individual traits, leading skills and of course the situational contexts (Kotler, 1990). As we have discussed above, effective leadership is require both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. The intrapersonal skills are of paramount important, as it is logical and obvious that success or great leader all start from within. Only with personal inside strong desire to excel, passion, enthusiasm, determination, commitment, faith and effective personal values can a person become a true leader for others. A great leader among the people always starts as a great leader of his own. Then, interpersonal skills come into place, where the ability and skills to network, communicate and interact with the other people come into place. The effective leaders can guide companies through many different channels. Because o f this, it is important to know which leadership qualities motivate employees the best. Throughout the analysis and evaluation, there have been many leadership style theories identified. As we have found that, the autocratic leadership style has gone out of fashion in recent years, though certain situations, such as emergencies situations. Therefore, effective leaders must adjust the leadership style to various situations. In that sense, there is no one leadership style is appropriate for every occasion or situation. The most effective style to use depends upon the situation and whether the group members are willing and able to take on the responsibility. To be effective as a leader, its important to know your group in terms of knowledge, ability, desire and willingness, and be ready to adapt your style to suit the dynamic environment. An important task in the coming years will be the training and testing of future leaders. Further more, organizations have to have a bigger picture of long term success, that is strengthening leadership competencies will improve organizational effectiveness. When subordinates trusted their leaders leadership, and they deem it is equitable for them to obtain satisfactory rewards and outcomes when they made the greatest efforts. Therefore, effective leadership lead to a positive motivation and motivated employees will satisfy the customers of the organizations. In a long-term, it will help organization creating or maintaining a sustainable organizational competitive advantage.

The Courier And Parcel Service Companies Marketing Essay

The Courier And Parcel Service Companies Marketing Essay The customers groups presented in figure 1 have similar requirements from their carious, such as fast shipments, low costs and high quality. However, they may differ in many ways, for example frequent demand and size of shipments. To compete in the global market, UPS provides to all their customers the most trustworthy and professional solutions in distribution and logistics. To better enhance their customers satisfaction, Courier companies has created value for their shareholders and sharing responsibility for their world. To provide real update system that track customers shipment, united parcel service for example has implemented UPSNET systems that keep tracking the shipment for long distance (around 500,000 miles) as well as satellite tracking that tracks thousands of packages in daily basis day and connect roughly 1.300 united parcel service distribution plants in 46 different nations. Furthermore, courier companies have focusing on keep benefits for their customers by placing increasing emphasis on the faster service, accuracy and timed delivery together with some ability to their customers to track packages. Responding to their customers needs, a parcel service company has recently adapted new technology namely; Delivery Information Acquisition Device (DIAD), (a custom-built electronic data collector). By adapting this new technology, courier and parcel service companies have are currently capture both delivery information and customers signatures. This data then entered into the DIAD and transmitted over the cellular network through telephones. DIAD system that has recently implemented provides the following benefits for the customers of courier and parcel service companies: Direct access to customers delivery information (more than five million for parcel service packages daily). Customers can track their shipment by phone mobile; customer shipments can be given real-time information on delivery status. A high degree of reliability as a result of the services redundancies and backup systems. The customer services at courier and parcel service companies always provides customers with all information that they need, exactly time about shipment arrives and who has received it is the most important information customers want to know. With many advance technologies adapted, courier and parcel service companies offers truly superlative service, both to merchants and to their customers, and can deliver to any part of the world. To better satisfy customers, courier and parcel service companies focus on certainty, safety and punctuality. Courier and parcel service companies always focus on satisfying our customers in term of politeness and manners of our staff. Furthermore, to provide benefits to its customers, courier and parcel service companies have committed to environmental improvements in all of its express packaging paperboard and plastic envelopes, and corrugated boxes and tubes. Most notably, courier and parcel service companies have removed all fiber from its packages and significantly increased the recycled material content that does not harm the environment (www.edf.org). Courier and parcel service companies understand the customers demand of less environment pollutions materials, the new improvements has made by couriers firms while maintaining or improving cost-competitiveness, customer friendliness, aesthetic attributes and functionality. We can say that courier and parcel service companies improved packaging has significantly lower environmental impacts, consuming fewer raw materials, water and energy during manufacturing, emitting less water and air pollution, and generating less solid waste, both in production and disposa l after use. Courier and parcel service companies understand that their customers differ in their demand. For targeted customers, including lawyers, mortgage brokers, and environmentally driven purchasers, the reusable envelope offers specific business benefits by facilitating document returns. This expanded service option of being able to use the just-received package as the return package has already enabled Courier and parcel service companies to capture new corporate accounts and attract new business from its competitors. Additional market gains are likely from packaging that has redesigned with the customers needs in mind, resulting in the introduction of several innovative changes that promote ease of use and enhanced functionality. These customer benefits can increase brand loyalty. The environmental leadership of courier and parcel service companies can support their overall brand equity and reputation with customers. Finally, one key benefit that courier and parcel service companies provide to their customers is the easy accessibility and use of their webpage. Courier and parcel service companies have taken the advantage to launch online services and applications before any of its competitors have. The Internet has enabled these firms to offer more services and do business directly with a greater number of customers. The website of courier firms also lets customers to check shipping rates worldwide and verify proof of delivery. 2. Discuses the challenges to TNT created by the specific characteristics of services TNT Express Services is a leading business-to-business express delivery company. TNTs aims to exceed their customers expectations through effective and efficient delivering of their goods and documents around the world. TNT always provides add-value to their clients by providing the most reliable and competent solutions through delivery networks. Figure 2 show the domestic and international market leader. Figure 2: Domestic and international market leader, Top 5 countries: 100%= Euro 13 Billion Source: http://group.tnt.com With all, successfully history that TNT has gained, the recent market researches indicates many challenges to TNT as well as other courier companies to meet its mission and objectives. Studies reported an increasing level of uncertainty is facing courier future market. These studies raise the concern about rising costs that may not be offset by price increases as of the completive nature of the market place. Increases the volume of sales via the internet expected to influence TNT as well as other courier services business, as they continued to be the distributor of choice for many sales companies, also shipping that is more international was being seen as trade liberalized around the world and the economies of developing countries improved. Furthermore, there is growing consensus between socialites, business forms and politicians about the climate change that harm the environment. The increasing levels of carbon (CO2) in the air because of fiber and plastic materials are trapping more heat, thus increasing global temperatures. The global worming phenomenon will give rise to all sorts of measures and regulations that try to decrease the CO2 emissions around the globe. On difficult situation, that TNT faced is to responded to this challenge by replacing plastic materials with more environment friendly and recycle materials. TNT realized that demographic trends are changing and creating challenges in the composition of the population across the world. For example, studies explain that Western European countries expected that between 20 per cent and 25 per cent of the population be above the age of sixty-five year old by 2020, while individual will live increasingly in cities with more than five million inhabitants, posing significant distribution challenges to TNT as well as other carious services (http://group.tnt.com). Because of the elderly population, expenditure of healthcare will dramatically increase. TNT realized that this trend have several implications for their transport and distribution chancels, such as growth of healthcare product flows, an increasing demand for consumer distribution networks, and possibly more challenges in attracting and retaining staff. One of the most challenges that TNT face is the mergers and acquisitions that would continue in order to remain competitive. TNT as well as other firms continues to collaborate with courier firms to increase their services in the face of declines in the volume of letter mail. More recently, TNT has signed up fifty new partners in 2005. However, it announced recently that it would no longer develop new partners. As result of this great challenge, TNT has stopped some regional development programs. TNT has improved and better developed its structure and merged its international and domestic courier services. Nowadays, TNTs courier services cater mainly to multinationals, which offers them both global and local courier services (http://www.knowledgeatwharton.com). To responds to mergers and acquisitions challenges, TNT has acquired in China, India and Brazil, and they have to work very hard to be able to meet up TNTs standards within three years after the acquisition date (http://group.tnt.com). One more challenge is the subcontractors of TNT Corporation. Subcontractors are involved in a substantial part of TNTs revenues, yet for many of them implementation of TNTs standards could be a burden because of the limited size of their operations or cost issues. Moreover, one challenge that persists in carious industries is the healthy and safety issue. For example, TNT faced numerous of health and safety regulations in the countries in which it operates. While their customers stress on the safety of their shipments, TNT executive is committed to enhance the safety by implementing best practices in safety management, processes, systems, tools and training. To response to this challenge, The Board of Management at TNT has provided adequate assets and has established quantifiable objectives and targets to maintain and continually improve TNTs health and safety performance. 3. Explain why customer care is a vital part of TNTs strategy in this competitive industry Improving Customers satisfaction is a key strategy for TNT to better enhance its competitive position in the global market as the leading business-to-business express delivery company in the world. Understanding customers needs and wants will improve TNT business and then increasing profits. To better understand customers, TNT has but various standards that primary developed from their customers feedbacks. It is a sign of TNTs commitment that it only measures where it has exceeded, rather than just met, customer expectations. TNT attempts to measure their customer satisfaction levels once every quarter, the results of the 2009 Customer Loyalty Measurement (CLM) Survey clearly indicate the steadily growth across all aspects of their business (http://www.tnt.com). TNT effortful seeks to be a firm that knows its customers and that responds to them with the best products and services that suite them. The only way to achieve this is to measure their customer satisfaction. TNT believes that constantly measuring customer satisfaction empty a sustainable competitive advantage, as no rivals firms could replicate the insight and the experiences that TNT has of its customers. As part of its strategy, TNT treats its customers in a friendly and professional, while it focused on improvement wherever possible. The two focuses believed to enhance TNT customers locality, and thus profitability. Twice a year, TNT measures their customer satisfaction and loyalty, which reaching at least 60% of the trading account base, covering all customer sizes from global to small and customers, and covering all lines of business. The measurement relates to the key customer satisfaction drivers as stated by customers in customer forums. Satisfaction measured for each key tr ansaction component from the booking through to the invoicing process and analyzed independently with an external specialist provider. Added to paper survey TNT distributed to all their customers, by the call centre department, TNT conducts a customer satisfaction survey among consumers and small and medium sized enterprises served. For the larger business firms, TNT conducted an annual survey to measure their satisfaction on services provided. TNT has a method to measure their customers satisfaction. TNT calculated the final score taken by customers and taking the weight give to values and multiplying this by the score for each value. Figure 3 and 4 shows the customers satisfaction express for the final score. From TNT management point of view, this score is more relevant and reliable than the consumer score, and in addition, the other scores give virtually the same picture. Figure 3: Customer satisfaction expresses Figure 4: customer satisfaction Mail Source: http://group.tnt.com/annualreports/annualreport07/annual_report/chap-2.html As employees are internal customers, TNT develop marketing strategy that aims to instilling pride to their internal customers. To TNT, this means that all employees are valued individual and that TNT consistently enhance and supports development of their employees skills, capabilities and competencies to deliver performance and enable career development and personal growth. TNT delegates employees to go the extra mile for their customers that would enforce their company values. In return, TNT ensures that all hard workers rewarded. As part of their Human resource strategy, TNT rewards their employees performance according to market practice. TNT seeks to attract, motivate and retain the best employees who meet TNTs current and future goals and objectives. Finally, TNT focuses on customers care (e.g. employees) as part of their marketing strategies because they believe that inspiring and leading employees to a specific level of performance that gives excellent customer experience. The head-managers at TNT expected to treat all stuff with respect, integrity and motivation way, employees who work hard rewarded as well as their head-manager. This make TNT staff feel more responsible for building the comfort possible work environment and create for their team the best corporate culture that focus on performance improvement. TNT aims to similarity apply this philosophy to its subcontractors that enhance their culture of high inspiration. 4. What do you see as the main areas of competitive advantage in the future? Explain how TNT can use these to remain a market leader From my reading, I found that there are many potential competitive advantages in the future for carious industries. On of future competitive advantages is focusing on improving services through the adaption of new technology. In our dynamic business environment, TNT also should constant focus on innovation and ideas that are imperative. In future, the innovations become the product itself. It said that It does not take a production line to compete, just a good idea that makes all the difference. From my reading I found that the company who adapt the technology first achieve a competitive advantageous over the other firms. Furthermore, from my understanding, I found that couriers companies, in order to achieve competitive edge they have to distinguish their self and their name. The brand name to carious industry is very important for present and future competitive edge. TNTs thus should develop a strategy that aims to differentiate their brand name through inspiring initiatives on responsible corporate nationality. Furthermore, I believe that TNT has to make its own reputation building that sustains its future competitiveness. Today, TNT believed to be highly relevant, high-recognized brand for its customers in the Netherlands. However, I believe that outside Europe, TNT, as well as other carious brands that delivery services deemed as low-end and it is still facing insufficient differentiation. In the state of Kuwait TNT is almost unknown brand name compared to HDL, American express and Aramic. Therefore, I believe that for future competitive advantages, TNT a as well as other carious companies should better articulates what makes their brand unique, both internally as well as externally. Furthermore, to be in competitive position in future, TNT has to persist focusing on their quality and performance. Quality and high services performances should not considered as a different issue within a firm and the constant improvement philosophy has to be as an integral part of the business strategy of TNT as well as other companies in this industry. Like focusing on customers care and add value services, I believe that the quality issue thus should be incorporated into TNT corporate culture. TNT thus should interestingly focus in performance improving of their transportation services as a whole. To achieve this objective, TNT has recently shared in the Logistics and Transport Sustainability Group (LTSG) of the World Economic Forum. However, I believe that TNT should use the recommendation and directions of its stakeholder as a key for its discussions with its competitors. Future competitive position can by no means to be achieved without focusing on employees training program and education courses. I believe that training staff and motivation play a key part of achieving competitive adage to customers service performance. Employees motivation, communication, commitment and an ability to work in team should take into account when talking new staff, beside academic records and previous years of experiences. I believe that if all employees are given training courses that focus on customer care as part of their induction, this will create better corporate culture that enhance TNT goals and objectives. The key skill in a technology society is the ability to learn. With constant training of employees and personnel to changes in the industry and technology will put companies in a position to better serve their customers that are the driving force for any business. Atkinson uttered; There has to be a culture of customer care which is generated throughout the company. if you havent got the right attitude youll never get the job done successfully . (http://www.roadtransport.com) I believe that one of today as well as future competitive advantages that carious company should considered is the social responsibility. TNTs should seek to take part and share the responsibility for the world in which it operates. If TNT considered the social responsibility, they would benefits from globalization and the increase in global flows of goods that is a result. As technologies make the distances between the continents get smaller, all residents of this planet are becoming neighbors. This implies that the difficulties of the developing countries are also the problems of the developed part of the world, which make a heavy responsibility on TNT Corporation. Today, TNT is certain that any plans or actions that a firm embarks to better address a major problem can be a vital source of pride for its employees and positively influence a firm reputation. However, I believe that for future competitive edge, sharing the societies responsibility are vital factors for TNT as well as any other carious services in this industry, where success is a direct result of social engagement, their satisfaction and employees and customers trust. 5. Critique the methods use to measure customer satisfaction and levels of customer care TNT measure customer satisfaction and loyalty in quarter bases by uses various methods to measure customer satisfactions including mail, survey paper form and phone call centers. Feedback from various customers leads TNT to revise their attitude and improve their performance standards. TNT contacts with all of its customers, from multinational businesses to small and customers. In their mission, TNT stated that; We aim to always exceed customers expectations. And we encourage our people to go the extra mile. They ask their customers about many aspect of dealing with TNT services. The conventionally key performance indicator for their failures or success is the extend to which errors were minimized. I believe that this traditionally approach partially reflect the real performance of TNT, however other indicators such as, quality of shipments, speed, and employees friendliness thus should be incorporated too. TNT has established customer satisfaction unit that comprising a driver, loading bank operative salesperson, clerk and traffic office operator. The unit managed by a supervisor or an executive who prepares an action plan to enhance the progress of the action plan in monthly meetings. Furthermore, TNT has come up with a concept is calls the Perfect Transaction that help in testing performance. this measures all, the elements of delivery such as whether the consignment was collected on time, what condition it arrived in, and whether an accurate invoice was produced, TNT take 10 % of consignments and measure them at random, we believe that this gives us a good view of what is going on in the business Atkinson says. From my reading, I found that TNT customers express do not considered the question of who is quality or to be blame, their primary focus is on that the service promised and paid to be delivered in time. To better develop and enhance their services based these customers feedback, TNT prepared deliveries on be on time, this become as prime standard of performance for TNT. Weekly reports for each location showing actual. Results for all for the following outcomes were introduced and this ongoing measurement discipline continues to help refine quality of service, Deliveries on time, misrouted consignments, copy consignment notes raised and not matched with original documents, and failures to deliver on time analyzed by reason. Increasingly, TNT developed further performance indicator targets for the support processes to include their administrative and selling function. At present, TNT heavily depends on their customers feedback, which provides measures of their ability of satisfy customers. Frequent and unrelenting reporting disciplines continue to help quickly introduce improvements whenever standards are not achieved. A named individual at each depot is responsible for each key performance outcomes and staff is empowered to call on additional resources to achieve required results. From my own perspective, I believe that TNT undertaking too frequent monitoring and measuring of their customer satisfaction and loyalty. This could be disadvantageous because trends do not have time to emerge. From my experience, TNT would be better to react to customer survey results rather than looking at the bigger and longer-term picture. I believe its it is helpful, for example, to set specific improvement targets once or twice a year basis and to monitor the effectiveness of these improvements. Importantly, customer research results need to be communicated to employees so that improvements can be made. Finally, TNT would be better if they use various indicators for their success besides measuring errors. To success in the global market, TNT should focus on measuring other aspects that may have but not direct relation to their success, for example measuring employee friendliness, customer expectation toward speed, quality, and prices. Finally, I strongly recommend TNT to compare results of customers survey with various competitors in the market. TNT should not be satisfied because the result of their survey is high, but they have always to compare themselves with other market competitive. The aim of this comparisons is that TNT can better understand their weakness and strength related to the industry, which eventually enhance and improve their development.

Essential Amino Acids as Ergogenic Aids :: Health Medical Research Papers

Amino Acids Amino acids are considered the building blocks of proteins. Breaking down protein will yield 22 known amino acids. There are three types of amino acids. These are indispensable(essential), conditionally dispensable, and dispensable. Conditionally dispensable amino acids can be synthesized from other amino acids by our bodies. Dispensable amino acids are considered non-essential. Amino acids are "one of the six basic nutrients our body needs". Essential Amino Acids acids are central to our discussion with regards to their use in weightlifting and training. httg:///www.kaiwan.com/-fitnessalaacid.html (hftp://www.thelinx.com/healthy/aminoacd.htm#valine) (hftp://www.getbig.com/articies/protein.htm) The Essential Amino Acids Of 22 amino acids, 8 or 9, are considered essential because our bodies can't manufacture them. These are tryptophan, lysine, methione, phenylalaine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and histadine. Leucine "serves as a substrate for muscle metabolism during periods of cellular energy depletion" and promotes healing of the skin and broken bones as well as improving alertness. Tryptophan, whose benefits include calming, stimulating the release of growth hormones, and cholesterol reduction, is the only essential amino acid whose free form is not currently available in the U.S. lsoleucine helps in the formation of hemoglobin and is used by the muscles for energy. Valine, which promotes muscle coordination, remains unprocessed by the liver allowing it to go directly to muscles. Histadine dilates blood vessels, helps to alleviate symptoms of arthritis and ulcers, and helps in the production of red and white blood cells. Lysine builds new body tissue and bone, enhances fertility, improves concentration, and may be an effective treatment for certain forms of herpes. Methione reduces fat and protects the kidneys and may also reduces cholesterol levels. Phenylalaine serves to reduce hunger pains, helps in the production of Norepinephrine and collagen, and improves memory and alertness. Threonine assists in metabolism and assimilation, prevents fatty build-up in the liver, and is a component of collagen. (http://www.nutrimart.com/amnoinfo.htm) (http://www.betterbodz.com/suppl/leucine.htmi) (http://www.getbig.com/articles/protein.htm) (http://www.thelinx.com/healthylaminoacd.htm#valine) Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAS) Studies indicate that the presence of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) after training is "critical for recovery" If they are ingested before exercise they may "alter hormonal responses to high intensity exercise". BCAA supplementation occurring during the exercise may have several health benefits, including "improved physiological and psychological responses to endurance exercise". BCAA's can compromise up to thirty-five percent of muscle tissue and a lack of any one of the three can "result in a decrease in muscle strength and tone"(Nature's Pantry Free Pamphlet).

Play is important for development and learning. Essay -- Legal Issues,

Play is a freely chosen and personally directed behaviour that actively engages children. It is very important that early years practitioners have a good grasp on this subject as the developmental usefulness of play for a child is extremely significant. For children, play provides them with the necessary skills to develop: socially, emotionally, physically and creatively. Bruce (2004) explores the fact that play is a valuable tool for children to discover their environment and to learn about why things happen using all of their senses both indoors and outdoors. The hypothesis that will be discussed throughout this essay is how play is important in early development and learning and how it serves both the child’s individual needs and the future society in which they will live in. This will be discussed and explored through reference to historical play pioneers, legislation, policy and guidance and theoretical knowledge on the social, cultural and intellectual perspectives on pl ay. The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) Statutory Framework (2008), created under the Childcare Act (2006), gives all practitioners across England guidance on a play based approach to learning. Therefore, assuming children do learn by play, practitioners and professionals must deliver planned, purposeful play which has a balance between adult-led and child-initiated activities, as stated by QCA (2007). There should be a wide variety of different play methods that allows them to represent their own learning experiences. These opportunities provided for children in early years settings, need to enhance and develop all of their skills and abilities. This includes: communication with peers and other adults, exploring different environments that include takin... ...ole within learning for children. Play pioneers such as Friedrich Frobel, theorists such as Piaget, current legislation and guidance, and the support from parents and practitioners worldwide, understand, illustrate and provide evidence as to why play has such a critical role within every child’s early development and learning. It allows children learn through something they enjoy, possibly not even realising that they are learning themselves. Play has a key role within benefitting children’s growth and development; physically, emotionally, socially, creatively and intellectually. If it wasn’t for direct experience and learning through play, children would not develop and learn at the same rate as they do today as they have not learnt the language yet, so it provides them with a form of communication and learning which is designed specifically for their age group.

product innovation Essay -- essays research papers

Marketing Principles PRODUCT INNOVATION AND PROMOTION PROJECT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our assignment is to create and promote an innovative product. In developing a new product, we started with an idea generation. This is a systematic search for new-product ideas. Companies go through many ideas before they come to find some good ones. We had to do the same thing. We thought of many ideas on our own. It was more of an internal idea source as opposed to going outside of our partnership for ideas. Our first idea was a restaurant with half of it an actual restaurant and the other half an automobile tuner shop. The next idea was a new energy drink that would be less costly and better tasting. Our next idea came up when we were sitting there gathering ideas for the project. We were looking in chapter ten of the marketing principles book and reading about the Heinz EZ Squirt ketchup bottles. It popped up that one of the greatest American snacks of all time has not been put into a squeeze bottle like a lot of other products have. That product is peanut bu tter. This was going to be the idea of our project until we went to the store to buy some peanut butter for our package and we found a bottle of squeeze peanut butter already out. This led us to finding a new product last minute. We thought of what we are interested in. Cars, music, and liquor immediately came to mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next step was to screen the ideas to separate the good ideas from the bad. Every product or service had good points and bad. The half restaurant half auto tuner shop was a very different concept, and with some fine-tuning could catch the interest of some people. The bad thing is that it probably would not catch enough people. It was not a promising idea. The idea of a new energy drink was okay, but there are various kinds of energy drinks already out on the market. To create one that all the other ones do not already say they can do is hard. It did not look that it was a good idea either. The peanut butter idea sparked our interests more than any of the ideas we had come up with. It is a very simple idea and it would not be too complicated or technical to create. Peanut butter is used in many snacks and it would be easy to prove why a squeeze bottle could make a lasting improvement from a regular jar. Peanut butter in a squeeze bottle was the final decision... ...ference and funding to them will help them out financially. Even though we are concentrated on stopping underage drinking, we want to be active in the lives of the drinkers of age. This is why we will sponsor local softball league teams for older men and women. It is a good way to keep alcohol drinkers active and doing something. Our company is all about creating a good image to the public for all ages of people alcoholic drinkers or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bartender workers as well as the store clerks will be well trained in personal selling. They will have a very friendly face-to-face presentation as well as attitude. They will also take friendly telephone calls to questions to opinions on drinks. Our store also offers an email address for requests, suggestions, opinions, or just questions for our in-store bartenders. They will reply within the day as soon as possible. Again, we pride ourselves on quality and presence. â€Å"Barstop Mixes† is for alcoholic drinkers of all kinds. The only way to experience our store and service the best is to come and visit. We promise it will be worth your while and hopefully an â€Å"incredible† experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Overview Of Sport Injury Types Health And Social Care Essay

For this subdivision of my portfolio I am traveling to cover hurts in athletics and choose a specific hurt to reason an in-depth survey on how it the hurt was sustained, how it can be treated in add-on to taking stairss to forestall a return of the hurt. Within featuring engagement there are many hurts that can happen of which can be classified into major and minor hurts. Additionally within these to classs there are legion hurts sustained through impact, pulling and nonvoluntary motions. Minor hurts are really common in featuring activities in peculiar those affecting physical contact such as Rugby and Football. These peculiar hurts are associated with being minor as the damaged caused is really little and chiefly necessitate really small or no intervention at all due to the natural healing procedure of the organic structure. Some extremely common illustrations of minor hurts in athletics are cuts, abraises and contusions. Cuts: A cut is referred to as a split in the surface of the tegument normally by crisp object with some being more serious than others. A little cut will non perforate through the whole proportion of tegument and will normally scab over as a consequence of the organic structures natural mending mechanisms. In comparing a deeper more acute cut can be significantly unsafe as constructions below the surface of the tegument such as nervousnesss, sinews and blood vass can be damaged. However despite the difference between the two cuts are prone to infection and at hazard of been extremely contaminated, therefore it is extremely recommended that all cuts are treated the same by rinsing it out and covering it with first assistance equipment such as a plaster to cut down the hazard of little fragments of soil acquiring indoors. An illustration during a sporting activity when a cut is likely to happen would be during the athletics of Rugby when a ruck/mall is go oning and participants on the land may be by chance stamped on by the he-man of a rugby boot doing a cut and the expel of blood. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/cuts-and-grazes/Pages/Introduction.aspx Bruises: A contusion normally occurs as a consequence of harm to muscle tissue underneath the teguments surface in which capillaries, venulas and arterias are damaged due to a sudden impact. This harm causes internal hemorrhage to distribute into countries environing the tissue as a consequence of physical compaction from the blood vass into the musculus tissue and top beds of the teguments surface which causes a seeable dull ruddy and violet coloring material beneath the tegument which is accompanied by stamp hurting. The alterations in coloring material of the contusions initiates that the healing of the accomplished country is taking topographic point by rhenium adsorbing the blood. Finally after an approximative two hebdomad period the contusion will vanish. It is possible for everybody to prolong a contusion but single differences within people determine the consequence of the contusion and how easy it is healed. For a athleticss performing artist there musculus tissue is strong er comparison to person who doesn & amp ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t participate in athletics significance that it would be more hard to damage the connective tissue. Prevention of contusions is about an inevitable factor from an impact apart from have oning protective vesture, nevertheless the mending procedure can be sped up utilizing simple first assistance techniques. Using an ice battalion will cut down the swelling around the damaged country and cut down the blood flow which will cut down the sum of blood throw outing from the tissue. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/cuts-and-grazes/Pages/Introduction.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/bruises/article.htmMajor InjuriesUnlike minor hurts, major hurts sustained can hold really serious damaging effects and in some really terrible instances can even take to human death. The hurts frequently cause assorted damage to normal bodily maps and necessitate important degrees of intervention in order for the healing procedure to be effectual. Engagement in athletics particularly those affecting physical contact increase the likeliness of major hurts happening and can consequence many parts of the organic structure. Bone Fractures: A bone break is classed as a medical status that causes a interruption in the continuity of the bone as a consequence of high impact or forceful emphasis and force per unit area. However bone upsets such as osteoporosis can take to a weakening of the bone doing them prone to breaks which can be a consequence of overexploitation of the joint in athleticss such as golf and tennis. Common breaks are recognised as either being an unfastened or closed break. An closed and simple break are those which do no perforate a proportion of the tegument and due to the fact there is no hazard of infection immediate intervention International Relations and Security Network & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t necessary nevertheless professional advice and intervention will be mandatory. In add-on closed breaks can detrimental if the affected country is moved one time the hurt is sustained ensuing in possible damaged tissue. Closed breaks will be accompanied by a stain and swelling. On the oth erhand an unfastened and compound break is a interruption of the bone that does perforate the tegument. Open breaks are at a much greater hazard because they are at high hazard of taint, hence has to be treated instantly by cleaning the lesion exhaustively taking soil and so antibiotic aswell as surgical intervention will follow. Additionally a minor break compared to an unfastened and closed is recognised as a multi-fragmentary break where a splitting of the bone occurs into legion pieces. The followers are other bone breaks that can be a consequence of a clean hurt: Complete Fracture: Bone fragments wholly separate Incomplete Fracture: Bone fragments are still partly joined Linear Fracture: Fracture is parallel to original bone axis Cross Fracture: Right angle break from the bone axis Oblique Fracture: Diagonal break from the castanetss axis Coiling Fracture: At least one portion of the bone has been twisted Compact Fracture: Bone fragments are driven into each other All types of breaks should be treated by a medical professional where an X ray can be taken and the extent of the hurt can be assessed which from this point will originate start of the healing procedure aided by a medical procedure. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-closed-fracture.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_fracture Concussion: Concussion is the most common result as a consequence of a encephalon hurt normally happening from an impact sustained to an country of the caput and can even be life endangering in really terrible instances. A mild instance of concussion will ensue in a province of shock and being unconscious for a brief period of clip. However a terrible instance of concussion involves a drawn-out period in being unconscious and returning to a normal province. This impermanent intervention of the encephalons map can consequence memory, opinion, balance and coordination. Concussion can happen easy within a athletics such as a clang of caputs during a football game. An impact hurt to the encephalon can do contusing which will take to the lacrimation of blood vass and damaged to nervousnesss doing abnormalcy in the map of the encephalon. The braincase which surrounds the encephalon comes into contact with fast acceleration of the encephalon taking to concussion. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.emedicinehealth.com/concussion/article_em.htm Muscular Injuries: Injuries to the musculuss can be really painful and can forestall performing artists from taking portion in physical activity for a drawn-out period of clip. Common muscular hurts in athleticss performing artists are musculus strains that can be a consequence of an uneffective warm up or an overstretch whereby harm is sustained to the musculus and attaching sinews. Muscle harm can be a tear of portion or all musculus fibers and the sinews attached to the musculus which can besides take blood vass being damaged which consequences in bruising and hurting caused by the annoyance on nervus terminations. A musculus strain will consequence athleticss performing artists in different ways such how strong and flexible the musculus is, therefore are less common in gymnasts compared to Rugby participants. Common symptoms originating from a musculus strain are ; swelling of the effectual country, inability to travel the musculus to its full potency and hurting in that country. For a athleticss performing artist it is imperative that a musculus hurt is treated right as the damaged musculus are likely to be used once more in featuring engagement when recovered. Ensure that the period of clip out of athletics is long plenty to mend and so strength preparation exercisings are carried out to re-build the musculus. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.emedicinehealth.com/muscle_strain/article_em.htm Muscle spasm occurs as a consequence of musculus weariness in voluntary musculuss which is closely associated with a cramp that occur in nonvoluntary musculuss. Voluntary motion is what a person can consciously command such as motion when running leting for the musculus to contract and relax. However when a spasm occurs the musculus contracts but doesn & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t return back to its original relaxed province doing an intense hurting and can happen from between a few seconds to a one-fourth or an hr before it is eventually alleviated. Muscle spasm occurs when a performing artist is working at high strength exercising for a long continuance in which they use of the aerophilic system is no longer equal and hence the lactic acid energy system must be used. Stored ATP ( adenosine tri phosphate ) is the lone useable energy beginning in the organic structure and is provided by Glycogen. The animal starch is broken down by an enzyme known as phosphofrukto kinase into pyruvic acid, nevertheless because the proportion of C dioxide compared to oxygen in the musculuss it is broken down into lactic acid. As the high strength exercising is sustained OBLA ( oncoming of blood lactate accretion ) occurs where the physique of lactic acid is greater than the remotion. Due to the sourness in the musculus the map of the enzymes to breakdown lactic acid Don & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t function decently and the remotion is less efficient. This can take to lactic acid toxic condition. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm Ligament Injuries: The most common but less annihilating ligament hurt is a musculus sprain. A sprain is an hurt to the strong hempen tissue that connects bone to cram known as a ligament which involves pulling and the lacrimation of tissue. Sprains are really common in delicate countries such as the mortise joint and carpus when a batch of force per unit area applied by the mass of your organic structure onto that ligament when normally falling over. Symptoms of a sprain are common to those of a hurt to a musculus with induced hurting, swelling, bruising and the inability to travel and map adequately. hypertext transfer protocol: //sportsmedicine.about.com/cs/injuries/a/sprains.htm Rice: Rest Ice Compression Elevation is an extra first assistance technique that can be applied for intervention and mending procedure of the hurt. When an hurt occurs to a damaged country in can ensue in puffiness, contusion or shed blooding doing the country to go inflamed. Using the four constituents of RICE and cut down swelling, alleviate pigment and protect damaged musculus tissue which in combination with each other will rush up the healing procedure. Remainder: There two really important grounds for a remainder period after an hurt has been sustained. Firstly it is indispensable that any harm to muscle tissue, ligaments or sinews are kept protected by restricting motion around that country which will cut down the hazard of any possible farther harm happening. Second for the healing procedure to happen efficaciously, the organic structure needs to bring forth certain sums of energy and minerals which would otherwise be used up during exercising. Ice: An ice battalion should be applied to the injured country with force which can be done by wrapping a towel around the ice battalion to keep force per unit area. The cold can supply impermanent alleviation of hurting in add-on to cut downing the swelling as the rate of blood flow is reduced intending less blood is traveling to the accomplished country. However considerations need to take topographic point when using a cold compress as a drawn-out exposure to the cold can take to damage to the tegument therefore is recommended 15-20 proceedingss three times a twenty-four hours. Compaction: Similar to the usage of ice, compacting the accomplished country can cut down the swelling around the hurt which can re direct the blood off from the country. A simple compress can be using a patch nevertheless should non be applied to tightly as this can do other deductions. Elevation: Again lift of the affected country can cut down swelling as the blood flows off from injured tissue which is really effectual if the country can be raised above the degree of the bosom. An hurt to an mortise joint can be elevated by puting the pes on pillows. Many minor hurts such as musculus sains and strains will normally retrieve after a few yearss of using the RICE technique. Once recovered it may so be necessary for an person to hold physical therapy where visible radiation rub downing can help in the formation of tissue hypertext transfer protocol: //sportsmedicine.about.com/cs/rehab/a/rice.htm